PAPER

PROCESS DESCRIPTION

Paper is fiber spread in a thin sheet to form a strong, absorbent and easily disposable material. The range of possible uses of paper seems almost limitless. Anyone who looks around carefully can recognize apart from writing papers, some of the special type of papers that different products need.

Paper making consists of basically three steps namely: 1) PULP MAKING 2) STOCK PREPRATION & 3) PAPER MANUFACTURING & FINISHING.

PULP MAKING

About 95% of the world’s paper is manufactured from wood. Wood contains of a substance called ‘cellulose’ which provides essential ingredients for paper making is called ‘PULP’. Since to manufacture pulp from wood for 50TPD of above mentioned quality of papers is not feasible, hence pulp from non-wood pulping shall be made.

Waste paper itself is a good source of material for paper manufacturing. In fact waste paper now makes up more than half of the raw material used in paper making.

In the paper making process a suitable fiber suspension is prepared in water and fed to a paper machine where the fibers are matted and dried.

The fiber suspension in water is prepared from waste paper. Waste paper which is sole raw material for manufacture in this project is recycled fiber and has gained much importance in utilization.

Clean, Fresh waste papers are suitable as raw material to manufacture quality paper.

For pulping and fiberizing waste paper , to make paper , a number of steps take place. First of all waste paper is sorted , dust is removed and shredded to small pieces for easy pulping.

The waste paper is pulped and fiberized in water with the help of mechanical action, agitation or rapid circulation in a machine called as continuous pulper and suitable fiber suspension is prepared in water known as pulp.After completion of pulping, the stock is further screened for removal of large pieces of paper that escape fiberizing and other materials such as clips, pins, plastics etc. A dilution of 1% to 2% may be passed through an equipment working on centrifugal force action known as High Density Cleaner and further runs over a screen known as Vibrating Screen.

This diluted stock is further passed through Thickener where it's consistency is again raised for increased capacity in storage of pulp.This pulp is sent to mechanical disintegrators consisting of rotating and stationary discs to produce viscous shear. This process is known as beating and refining. Here the pulp is shredded, rubbed and converted into the fibrous mass suitable for converting into sheets of paper. Fillers are added to pulp to give increased brightness, bulk, flexibility, opacity, softness and weight to finished paper. Sizing is an important ingredient often added to the slurry to reduce water or other liquid penetration into paper.

After pulp has been prepared by above processes the next operations of paper making are as under:
A suitable fiber suspension is prepared in water for converting into paper sheets in stationary equipment known as Head - Box. From Head - Box this suspension is spread over an endless continuously running wire mesh. A wet sheet is formed by running 99.5% water-fiber slurry evenly on a moving endless wire mesh. Water drains by gravity, a part is next removed by suction boxes. The wire also has a side-wise shaking arrangement to give better interlocking of fibers on the mat.

The water removed in this part of paper manufacturing is known as white water and is re-used to obtain maximum recovery of fibers, to conserve water and additives , and to prevent stream pollution.

The wet paper sheet coming from above section known as Wire Part contains about 80% of water and needs further operations to remove water. This wet sheet is fed via felt rolls and felts to the press section where water is removed by mechanical pressing of wet sheet between press rolls and designated press felts. Here water content in wet sheet of paper is reduced to 60-65%. This section is known as Press Part.
The sheet thus coming from Press Part has sufficient strength to carry its own weight. It is passed through a smoothening roll and a big sized shining dryer cylinder which is steam heated and is known as M.G.Cylinder. Here heat and moisture are transferred to a felting arrangement which carries the paper also. Here the pressure given to the Smoothening or Touch Rolls against M.G.Cylinder also imparts Gloss to the paper surface.
The paper sheet becomes air dry and is reeled in form of paper reel in a section known as Pope Reel Section. Paper coming from pope reel may have paper breaks during the process and need to be repaired at finishing stage, here paper reels are re-wound at Rewinder and paper breaks are jointed and reel sizes are maintained as per requirements. If the requirement of paper is in sheets then paper reels are sheeted on a sheet cutter as per the requirements.

LIST OF EQUIPMENT

Production Capacity : 50 TPD

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